Highly efficient 200-GHz fixed-frequency fundamental source in transferred-substrate InP DHBT technology

A 197-GHz fixed-frequency fundamental oscillator with high efficiency is presented, realized using a transferred-substrate InP-DHBT process. It delivers 0 dBm output power, with a phase noise of -88 dBc/Hz at 1.6 MHz offset frequency. DC consumption is only 22 mW from a 1.4 volts power supply, which corresponds to the highest overall DC-to-RF efficiency of a millimeter-wave frequency source reported to date.