A two-dimensional integrated channel model for train-ground communications

The increasing interest drawn to LTE system requires the analysis of train-ground communication channel. By the approval of the Ministry of Railways of China, extensive and practical measurements are performed on Harbin-Dalian railway with a speed up to 370 km/h. Both large-scale and small-scale fading characteristics are specified. Firstly, path loss and shadowing effect are evaluated based on the hierarchical two-hop network structure. Compared with classical models, the proposed channel model is more applicable in the special via duct scenarios. Channel characteristics, such as channel impulse response, power delay profile, K-factor, delay spread and Doppler spectrum are parameterized and reported. The in-depth analysis of these statistical channel data is from the perspectives of geographical position and relative antenna height. In particular, a new stage-wise K-factor model is investigated and developed. Combined with the cumulative distribution function of the RMS delay spread and the number of paths, they illustrate the distance-dependent and antenna height-dependent variances of the channel. Finally, the two-dimensional integrated channel models are first proposed to give a comprehensive description of broadband mobile channel in high-speed railway scenario. All these informative results promote the evaluation and verification of broadband communication system on High-Speed Railway.