Quo vadis, PUF?: Trends and challenges of emerging physical-disorder based security

The physical unclonable function (PUF) has emerged as a popular and widely studied security primitive based on the randomness of the underlying physical medium. To date, most of the research emphasis has been placed on finding new ways to measure randomness, hardware realization and analysis of a few initially proposed structures, and conventional secret-key based protocols. In this work, we present our subjective analysis of the emerging and future trends in this area that aim to change the scope, widen the application domain, and make a lasting impact. We emphasize on the development of new PUF-based primitives and paradigms, robust protocols, public-key protocols, digital PUFs, new technologies, implementations, metrics and tests for evaluation/validation, as well as relevant attacks and countermeasures.