Improved technique for measuring complex scattering coefficients of two-port microwave devices using only six power detectors

The paper describes an improved technique for measuring the complex scattering coefficients of microwave two-port devices using the novel nine-port network analyzer. Tests on earlier prototypes of this instrument (comprising two symmetrical five-port junctions, six power detectors, two directional couplers and a phase shifter) have demonstrated that a re-arrangement of the inter-connections among the constituent components is able to yield an enhancement of performance (due to changes in the interaction of the waves within the system).