An Efficient Gradient-Based Algorithm for On-Line Training of Recurrent Network Trajectories

A novel variant of the familiar backpropagation-through-time approach to training recurrent networks is described. This algorithm is intended to be used on arbitrary recurrent networks that run continually without ever being reset to an initial state, and it is specifically designed for computationally efficient computer implementation. This algorithm can be viewed as a cross between
epochwise backpropagation through time
, which is not appropriate for continually running networks, and the widely used on-line gradient approximation technique of
truncated backpropagation through time
.