Some improvements in quartz crystal circuit elements

The characteristics of the Y-cut quartz crystal plate are discussed. It is shown that by rotating a plate about the X axis special orientations are found for which the frequency spectrum is simplified, the temperature coefficient of frequency is reduced practically to zero and the amount of power that can be controlled without fracture of the crystal is increased. These improvements are obtained without sacrificing the advantages of the Y cut plate, i.e., activity and the possibility of rigid clamping in the holder.