Permalloy, a new magnetic material of very high permeability

The magnetic alloy described in this paper is a composition of about 78.5% nickel and 21.5% iron and at magnetizing fields in the neighborhood of .04 gauss and with proper treatment has a permeability running as high as 90,000. This is about 200 times as great as the permeability of the best iron for these low magnetizing fields. This high permeability is attendant upon proper heat treatment and also upon other factors among which is freedom from elastic strain. The presence of other elements than iron or nickel and specially carbon, reduces the permeability, but slight variations in heat treatment produce large changes compared with those due to small quantities of impurities. So far as discovered, other physical properties show no peculiarities at the composition which brings out the remarkable magnetic properties of permalloy. The equilibrium diagram, electric conductivity, crystal structure, mean spacing between adjacent atom centers and density are among the physical properties which have been studied. To the engineer in electrical communication the development of permalloy is very significant. It assures a revolutionary change in submarine cable construction and operation and promises equally important advances in other fields. — Editor.