Theoretical principles for establishing a hierarchy of dynamic accuracy with the integral-square-error as an example

This paper presents the possibility of applying maximum dynamic errors to establish a hierarchy of measuring systems intended for dynamic measurements. To determine maximum errors, it is necessary to apply strictly defined calibrating signals. The shape analysis and necessary and sufficient conditions for such signals to exist are presented with the integral-square-error criterion as an example. Moreover, limitations imposed on calibrating signals depending on the low-pass, high-pass, or bandpass types of calibrated systems are also discussed. The values of the maximum errors determined by means of the signals mentioned above make it possible to create accuracy classes and the resulting hierarchy of dynamic accuracy, valid regardless of the measured signal shape. The solutions presented in the paper refer to both measuring analog systems and systems with analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion.