Influence of the Waveform on Propagation and Sea Radar Cross Section of HF Radar Signals

In this paper, we derive the backscattering coefficient/forward propagation equation for frequency-modulated waves of high-frequency radar over the sea. Numerical simulations have been performed in order to compare the characteristics of a constant frequency and frequency-modulated electromagnetic wave in the function of sea state and index profile. From these simulations, we have drawn some conclusion on the differences in the Doppler spectrum observed for the two waveforms.