Design of VCO using bump structure for high-power harmonics

In this paper, we propose a VCO using the negative resistance property of bump structure. The proposed VCO consists of a bump circuit and an LC resonator for obtaining high powers at the harmonic frequencies. The VCO is designed in 0.13μm RF CMOS process. The VCO works at the center frequency of 3.35GHz with -2.1dBm output power while this circuit consumes 20mW with 1.2 V supply. Due to the negative resistance of bump circuit, second and third harmonics with high output power are achieved as -6.42dBm and -18.39 dBm respectively.