High-efficiency low-voltage 24GHz VCO in 130nm CMOS for FMCW radar applications

A high-efficiency CMOS voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with cross-coupled topology in 130nm IBM-CMOS process is presented. The VCO delivers 4dBm output power, with 13% tuning range. It offers both coarse and fine tuning functions and consumes 43mW from a 2 volts power supply.