Distribution state estimation for smart grids

This paper describes a real-time unbalanced three-phase state estimator for use in distribution networks. The method recognizes that the number of real-time metered variables is limited, and that there is a large degree of uncertainty associated with load demand estimates. The estimation algorithm is a compromise method which accounts for usually available data in distribution utilities. The paper presents results of a prototype estimator tested on Hydro-Québec feeders.