Energetic macroscopic representation of a hybrid electric locomotive and experimental characterization of Nickel-Cadmium battery cells

The series architecture of a Hybrid Electric Locomotive (HEL) using the Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) is suggested in this paper. Indeed, the EMR organizes systems as interconnected sub-systems, improving modularity and flexibility. Firstly, primary and secondary sources' dynamical models are developed using the EMR. Batteries, Ultra-Capacitors (UCs), rheostat, diesel driven generator set and the HEV load are concerned in this kind of application. Secondly, Nickel-Cadmium battery cells' experimental characterization is presented. The structure of the used test bench, the developed protocol and the experimental results are discussed.