Estimating and reducing uncertainties in ray-tracing techniques for electromagnetic field exposure in urban areas

Ray-tracing is a suitable method for electric field exposure computation in large urban areas and is used for risks assessment and support for public decision. In this paper we focus on uncertainties analysis in such ray-tracing methods. First we classify uncertainties into subsets (emitters, environment and method related). We then identify characteristic reception areas and discuss about uncertainties in these areas. Second we compare simulations with measurements by varying method related parameters and discuss the results. Finally we show how to reduce uncertainties due to reception area sampling where high exposure levels are expected.