Towards Unified Vulnerability Assessment with Open Data

Continuous and comprehensive vulnerability management is a difficult task for administrators. The difficulties are not because of a lack of tools, but because they are designed without service-oriented architecture viewpoint and there is insufficient trustworthy machine-readable input data. This paper presents a service-oriented architecture for vulnerability assessment systems based on the open security standards and related contents. If the functions are provided as a service, various kinds of security applications can be interoperated and integrated in loosely-coupled way. We also studied the effectiveness of the available public data for automated vulnerability assessment. Despite the large amount of efforts that goes toward describing machine-readable assessment test in conformity to the OVAL standard, the evaluation result proves inadequate for comprehensive vulnerability assessment. Only about 12% of all the known vulnerabilities are covered by existing OVAL tests, while some popular client applications in the Top 30 with most unique vulnerabilities are covered more than 90%.