Generative software-based memory error detection and correction for operating system data structures

Recent studies indicate that the number of system failures caused by main memory errors is much higher than expected. In contrast to the commonly used hardware-based countermeasures, for example using ECC memory, software-based fault-tolerance measures are much more flexible and can exploit application knowledge, such as the criticality of specific data structures. This paper presents a software-based memory error protection approach, which we used to harden the eCos operating system in a case study. The main benefits of our approach are the flexibility to choose from an extensible toolbox of easily pluggable error detection and correction schemes as well as its very low runtime overhead, which totals in a range of 0.09-1.7 %. The implementation is based on aspect-oriented programming and exploits the object-oriented program structure of eCos to identify well-suited code locations for the insertion of generative fault-tolerance measures.