Laser source development for infrared neural stimulation

Infrared neural stimulation (INS) has emerged as a complementary technology to electrical stimulation with greater precision and no stimulation artifact. Many studies have been performed with Lockheed Martin Aculight's (LMA) Capella laser. To explore all optical parameters useful for INS, LMA has produced alternate versions of Capellas operating at a variety of wavelengths, and initial tests indicate their utility. In an effort to begin miniaturizing laser sources for INS, LMA has developed three channel, wearable laser packs for chronic experiments that have been used for up to three months. To even further miniaturize laser sources toward implantable use in humans, LMA has partnered with Vixar, Inc. to develop vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating at 1860nm. To date, these devices have produced over 60 mW from a form factor of a few hundred microns, and have shown a clear path toward achieving parameters needed for use in neuroprostheses.