Highly Efficient Metal Halide HID Systems With Acoustically Stabilized Convection

High-intensity discharge (HID) lamp systems based on the application of acoustically induced convection, causing arc straightening, enhanced plasma mixing, and effective suppression of segregation effects, are presented. Outstanding HID lamp system properties with significantly enhanced efficacy level up to 150 lm·W
^-1
providing high-quality white light can be achieved. The design and dimensioning of the ceramic lamp tubes in accordance with high-frequency supply schemes, which enables the system for long-term operation, are discussed.