Common error sources in using a series-resistors-type voltage divider below the level of 0.01 ppm

A series-resistors-type voltage divider is one of the most commonly used dividers. We have carefully analyzed various error sources such as leakage current, normal mode rejection ratio of the voltmeter, temperature coefficient, and others. The KRISS' 10:1 divider which was used for 10-V calibration was chosen for this study. Here, we would like to describe some common error sources and their effects which should be taken into account in the level of 10/sup -8/ or below for the series-resistors type voltage dividers.