Reading up books: Artificial intelligence and expert systems: Academic guidelines and suggested reading in the field of artificial intelligence and its industrial arm — Expert systems

“Intelligence … is the faculty of making artificial objects, especially tools, to make tools.” (Henri Bergson, 1859–1941.) What, exactly, is meant by the term “artificial intelligence” (AI)? Dr. Patrick H. Winston, Professor of Computer Science and Director of the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, defines AI as “the study of ideas which enable computers to do the things that make people seem intelligent. The central goals of AI are to make computers more useful and to understand the principles which make intelligence possible.”