True integrators with DVCCS

Voltage-controlled current sources (VCCS) have been shown to have properties which make them preferable to operational amplifiers as active blocks [7], [8] for some applications. In this paper some new true integrators have been proposed using differential input voltage-controlled current sources (DVCCS). A procedure has been followed to develop integrators that can have arbitrarily large or low integrator time constants (ITC) independent of realizability constraints. Discussions pertinent to the frequency dependence of the DVCCS transconductance, noise, and parameter sensitivity of the realized integrators have also been appended.