Energy billing under nonsinusoidal conditions

This paper aims to present a new point of view about the active power measurement, for billing purposes, measured at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) between the utility and the consumer when harmonic distortions are involved. Depending on the origin of it, the active power can result in higher or lower values in comparison to the fundamental component. The consequences are higher costs for the consumer or losses for the utility. Using computational simulations and theoretical analysis, these aspects are evaluated and compared.