Adaptive delta-causality control with prediction in networked real-time game using haptic media

In this paper, we handle an air hockey game which two users play with haptic interface devices as an example of networked real-time games. In order to improve the interactivity of the air hockey game, we propose the adaptive Δ (delta)-causality control scheme with prediction, which keeps the consistency and causality high and predicts positional information after a constant time. In QoE (Quality of Experience) assessment, we assess the output quality and interactivity of local mallet, output quality of opponent's mallet, output quality and interactivity of puck, and comprehensive quality. As a result, we illustrate that the proposed scheme is effective and there exists the optimal value of the prediction time.