Signal power distribution in the space, AOA and TOA domains in indoor/outdoor communication links

In this work, we investigate, both theoretically and experimentally, the signal power distribution in the joint space (along the radio path), angle-of-arrival (AOA) and time-of-arrival (TOA) [or time delay, TD] domains on the framework of the statistical modeling approach that was originally proposed for the outdoor urban environment and now continuously is used for indoor/outdoor communication links. In the presented work, the proposed multi-parametric approach is adopted now for modeling the indoor propagation conditions, combined guiding effects of radio propagation along the crossing corridors in LOS conditions and multi-ray phenomena caused by the multiple scattering, reflection and diffraction by numerous obstructions surrounded both terminal antennas, the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx) inside rooms lining corridors. The joint spatial, AOA and TOA model for indoor crossing corridors, combined with rooms aligned each corridor, is derived using the modified statistical multi-parametric model. Similar formulas, as for outdoor communication links, are derived to obtain full information on signal 2D and 3D intensity distribution in different indoor/outdoor environments The accuracy of the proposed model was validated using the collected measurements carried out in specific indoor/outdoor scenarios occur in BenGurion University environment. The spatial, TOA and AOA measured data were obtained by special experimental campaigns using a highly directive sector-scanning narrow-beam antenna operating at frequency of approximately 2.5 GHz. A satisfactory agreement between theoretical prediction and results of measurements is obtained. The obtained results indicate that using the unified multi-parametric stochastic model, both 2D and 3G (accounting for buildings' overlay profile) allow predicting signal intensity distribution in joint spatial, AOA and TOA domains in different indoor/outdoor environments.