400-GHz Continuous-Wave Clinotron Oscillator

Experimental results of a 400-GHz clinotron, which is a modification of the backward-wave oscillator, are presented. Development of grating, focusing magnetic system, and electron gun is shown. The clinotron tube is designed to use a high-perveance electron gun and thereby enhance the output power and efficiency. An output power of 43 mW is demonstrated at 385 GHz.