Human-machine cooperation in air traffic control

A dynamic task allocation between two human operators and two assistance tools has been evaluated in the air traffic control domain. The tactical operator-the radar controller-was assisted by an assistance tool (SAINTEX) for solving traffic conflicts. The strategical operator-the planning controller-was assisted by a second tool (PLAF) for traffic conflict detection and for allocating the traffic conflicts between the radar controller and SAINTEX. Three series of experiments were compared: 1) a first series used as a reference (with no assistance tool), 2) an explicit mode (controllers in charge of the allocation), and 3) an assisted explicit mode (PLAF proposed conflict allocations which could be changed by the planning controller). Comparisons were made on the basis of performance analysis, answers to questionnaires, and an original method of cognitive analysis of verbal reports.