Analysis, modeling, and simulation of autonomous microgrids with a high penetration of renewables

Autonomous microgrids are operated and coordinated by intelligent automatic controls without any reliance on human intervention. In this paper, a simulation framework utilizing sequential Monte Carlo simulations is developed to investigate the performance of autonomous microgrids that have the ability to interconnect to achieve adequate load service. Detailed models of the various microgrid components and interconnection policies implemented are provided. In order to minimize the exposure of each microgrid to vulnerabilities, it is also desired that the number of interconnections be minimal. Using the developed framework, various simulation scenarios are explored. Results show the impact of storage capacity, intermittent distributed energy resources (DERs), and the ability to interconnect occasionally with other microgrids on each microgrid's security and reliability as measured using standard risk indices.