Transformer-less photovoltaic (PV) inverters: A critical comparison

Transformer-less photovoltaic (PV) inverters specifically designed to achieve high efficiency shall also comply with leakage current limits, low current harmonic distortion and reactive power handling capability. This paper aims at benchmarking some recently published or patented topologies with the most successful industrial products and it offers a complete trends scenario and a critical comparison. The performances are evaluated in terms of efficiency, common-mode voltage, leakage current, power quality, reactive power handling capability, size of the grid filter and power converter rating.