Optimal and hierarchical control of fermentation processes using a microcomputer: A survey

An outline is given of the optimal and hierarchical control methods which are particularly effective and efficient for solving some fermentation problems and which can be implemented using a microcomputer system. The literature on the fermentation models which encompass major biological features usually encountered in a fermentation process are documented. The principle features, advantages, and limitations of the microcomputer systems are pointed out. Finally, the practical application of the optimal control of fermentation processes using a microcomputer system published previously by the authors are listed.