Conductivity and optical absorption in Bi4Ti3O12 single crystals

The conductivity of Bi
₄
Ti
₃
O
₁₂
(BiT) single crystals was calculated from the dielectric response at subswitching conditions over a wide range of temperatures (20-250 °C) and frequencies (100 mHz to 10 kHz) in-plane and out-of-plane. The calculated activation energy for dc conductivity was approximately the same as the energy gap around 3 eV suggesting an electron-hole charge movement. The dominant electronic contribution was seen by polarized optical microscopy on transmission by the absorption of a laser of 3 eV.