Transmission line energization with breaker pre-strike

When an EHV transmission line is energized by the closing of a circuit breaker, there are a number of well known parameters which effect the transient overvoltages on the line. These include the impact of pole closing span, use of closing resistors and point-on-wave closing. These factors are investigated along with the little studied effect of contact closing pre-strike included. Probability distribution of overvoltages for transmission line energizations are the means for comparing the various effects.