State modeling of the land mobile satellite channel with angle diversity

Multi satellite communication and broadcasting systems are used to improve the Quality of Service (QoS) of mobile terminals. The recently finalized MiLADY project targeted the evaluation and modeling of the multi-satellite propagation channel for land mobile users for a high variability of angle diversity constellations. The new fully parametrized LMS narrowband diversity model ('MiLADY model') combines the parameters from two measurement campaigns: In a US measurement campaign the power levels of the SDARS satellites were recorded with high time resolution to analyse fast and slow fading effects in great detail. A complementary campaign to record GNSS signals in the medium earth orbit gives information about the signal correlation for almost any satellite constellation. The MiLADY model generates time series for various satellite constellations in different environments. This paper focuses on state modeling, confining on two satellites. To realize correlated state sequences, a joint generation of the states `good good', `good bad', `bad good' and `bad bad' is performed using semi-Markov chains. The modeling results are compared with the GNSS measurements by analyzing state probabilies and state duration statistics for various elevation angle and azimuth angle combinations.