Representing OS services for computer novices using constructivism and cognitivism

The main goal of this study is to simplify the understanding of technical information such as Microsoft Windows Services using constructivism and cognitivism. In this paper, a seven-step model called GOALAPE, which organizes and simplifies contents to suite different learning styles, is proposed and validated. In addition to the three primary learning styles (visual, auditory, and tactile), we add a new learning styles called printable style concerned with learners who prefer reading instructions in hardcopy rather than in electronic format. It is demonstrated that the GOALAPE model is able to convey complex of Microsoft Windows Services concept to computer novices.