Awareness promoting learning design of sing-along piano playing - the role of annotated musical score and multimedia contents

This paper focuses on simultaneous piano playing and singing, which is considered to fall in the field of physical skills. The authors previously proposed and implemented an educational approach that makes use of multimedia learning materials and annotated musical scores. In order to clarify the roles of these materials, this paper discusses how learners acquire a physical skill in an educational approach that makes use of only annotated musical scores. The paper reveals that there is a limit to the effectiveness of using only annotated musical scores to acquire such a physical skill, and that multimedia materials are also important for the effective development of physical skills.