Making Micrologic: The Development of the Planar IC at Fairchild Semiconductor, 1957–1963

The modern integrated circuit evolved from developments at Fairchild Semiconductor during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Using information from laboratory notebooks, internal company memoranda, oral histories, and personal communications, this article reconstructs and analyzes the activities of the Fairchild development team, including the company's efforts to improve and market ICs during the early 1960s.