Time and frequency synchronization protocol for fem to networks

Time and frequency synchronization between femto base stations and with macrocell base stations is an essential enabler of advanced self-organization and interference management functions. This paper provides a wireless solution that is also able to maintain synchronization without macro cells. Typical performance is evaluated through simulations. It is shown that frequency accuracy depends on the observation interval and, in general, that the accuracy and performance depend on the propagation delay compensation capability, timing signal accuracy and connectivity. There fore, the paper offers the trade-off design guidelines of various parameters of practical solutions.