Water level monitoring using the interference pattern GNSS-R technique

In the last decade GNSS-R techniques have started to be used for Earth remote sensing [1-7]. In previous studies, the Interference Pattern Technique (IPT) was used to observe land surfaces using a ground-based instrument: soil moisture over bare soils [8], surface's topography, soil moisture and vegetation height of wheat and barley fields [9], and a maize field (very dense and tall vegetation) [10], and snow height [11]. This work extends previous studies to the observation of the water level in a reservoir. Other GNSS-R techniques have addressed this problem previously, but it is shown that the extremely simple IPT outperforms them.