Circuit Modeling of Carrier–Photon Dynamics in Composite-Resonator Vertical-Cavity Lasers

We present a circuit model for composite-resonator vertical-cavity lasers (CRVCLs) based on the standard rate equations. This model is compatible with general-purpose circuit analysis program (SPICE), and it can accurately produce the dc and modulation characteristics of the CRVCL, which is verified by comparing the calculated results with the measured experimental data. In addition, using this model we verify that CRVCL has unique abilities to engineer its modulation characteristics by varying cavity asymmetries as well as to produce multilevel amplitude modulation, both of which are consistent with our previous experimental results. We also discuss some advantages and limitations of this model.