Phantom models for in-vitro measurements of blood glucose

The current work tests the feasibility of using phantom models to detect and determine different blood glucose levels as well as using phantom models to replicate in-vitro results. This is possible since the glucose levels affect the blood's permittivity. Using phantom models, the permittivity characteristics of blood with different glucose levels have been observed to match previous literature as well as actual in-vitro measurements. Realistic models have also been constructed in CST and HFSS to observe a shift in the resonant frequency of the different blood models using an antenna described by another paper in this conference. Phantom models were then created and placed against the same antenna to take actual measurements of the shift using a network analyzer. Further analytical techniques and software models are being developed to relate these frequency shifts to the permittivity and conductivity of the blood, which are directly determined from the glucose levels.