Electrostatic ignition hazards associated with FIBC filling or emptying and presently available FIBC safety design types

Flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBCs) or Bulk Bags are frequently used in industry for the packaging and transport of powder materials. The electrostatic hazard associated with this type of packaging has been reported by several authors. In the case of ignition due to the build-up of static electricity, different ignition mechanisms have been identified depending on the construction of the FIBC and the explosive atmosphere present. Thus, there are various measures to prevent ignition. These depend on the type of FIBC and sensitivity of the explosive atmosphere. The types of discharges which may occur when filling or emptying FIBC are discharges associated with the FIBC fabric, and discharges associated with the product and the surroundings. These are briefly discussed as are available bag designs to reduce electrostatic hazards.