24-GHz LTCC Fractal Antenna Array SoP With Integrated Fresnel Lens

A novel 24-GHz mixed low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) tape based system-on-package (SoP) is presented, which incorporates a fractal antenna array with an integrated grooved Fresnel lens. The four-element fractal array employs a relatively low dielectric constant substrate (CT707, ε
_r
= 6.4), whereas the lens has been realized on a high-dielectric-constant superstrate (CT765, ε
_r
= 68.7 ). The two (substrate and superstrate) are integrated through four corner posts to realize the required air gap (focal distance). The fractal array alone provides a measured gain of 8.9 dBi. Simulations predict that integration of this array with the lens increases the gain by 6 dB. Measurements reveal that the design is susceptible to LTCC fabrication tolerances. In addition to high gain, the SoP provides a bandwidth of 8%. The high performance and compact size (24 × 24 × 4.8 mm
³
) of the design makes it highly suitable for emerging wireless applications such as automotive radar front end.