Simulations of Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide modulators-a comparison of simulation techniques

The modulation characteristics of several Ti:LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide devices were simulated. For the electrooptic effect, both a spatially dependent and a uniform modulation field were considered. Both the three-dimensional beam propagation method and the two-dimensional beam propagation method with effective index were used in the simulations. The results of simulations and measured device performance are compared.<
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