Closed Form Solution for Minimum Conduction Loss Modulation of DAB Converters

An optimal modulation scheme that enables minimum conduction and copper losses is presented for a bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) dc-dc converter. The considered converter system is employed for an automotive application and comprises of a high voltage (HV) port with port voltage
V
₁
, 240V ≤
V
₁
≤ 450 V, and a low voltage (LV) port with port voltage
V
₂
, 11 V ≤
V
₂
≤ 16 V; the rated output power is 2 kW. The closed-form expressions for the optimal control parameters are derived and implementation details are presented in order to facilitate the direct application to a given DAB converter. The paper further details the properties of the presented modulation scheme with respect to switching losses. Experimental results confirm a considerable increase of the converter efficiency achieved with the proposed optimal modulation scheme, compared to the efficiency obtained with conventional phase shift modulation. The efficiency increase is most distinct at
V
₁
=450V and
V
₂
= 11V with an increase from 78.6% to 90.6% at 1 kW output power and from 85.9% to 90.7% at rated output power as compared to conventional phase shift modulation.