Novel neural interface for modulation of neuronal activity based on millimeter wave exposure

Realizing a minimally-invasive interface with the brain for treating neurological disorders represents a considerable challenge for modern medicine. Implantable neuromodulation devices have been successfully used for treating a variety of neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, epilepsy, chronic pain, and migraine. However, the implantation trauma and the risks associated with chronic presence of the implant in the nervous tissue have limited the widespread use of these devices. Minimally-invasive technologies based on the surface electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation have been developed to modulate the neuronal excitability in the brain, but their spatial resolution, limited to several centimeters, is insufficient for selective stimulation of millimeter-scale neuronal populations in the brain. Here, we describe some unique benefits afforded by a novel non-contact neuromodulation technique that employs millimeter waves. Using the leech ganglion preparation, we demonstrate a profound suppression of neuronal excitability induced by a low-power millimeter wave exposure. Based on these findings, we discuss the possible mechanisms and implications for developing a minimally-invasive neuromodulation therapy.