On the geometry of isotropic wideband arrays

We consider the role of array geometry on the Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimating performance of the array where the impinging signal is wideband. We define the criteria under which the planar and volume arrays are isotropic, and derive the necessary and sufficient conditions on the location of array elements so that the array has isotropic performance. We also present several designs of isotropic planar and volume arrays and give example geometries.