Fabrication of a ${\rm Bi}_{2}{\rm Sr}_{2}{\rm CaCu}_{2}{\rm O}_{8+x}$ Intrinsic DC-SQUID With a Shunt Resistor

We fabricated Bi
₂
Sr
₂
CaCu
₂
O
x
(Bi-2212) SQUIDs with two stacks of intrinsic Josephson junctions by an acid-treatment process. The stacks were fabricated from a single crystal of Bi-2212. The in-plane loop of a dc-SQUID was surrounded by an acid-treated product, which was produced by immersing the Bi-2212 single crystal in dilute hydrochloric acid (pH=1.65). The critical aspect of this process is that the surrounding acid-treated product (BiOCl) is transparent. The SQUID exhibited a large hysteresis with a ratio of the critical current to the return current of 0.4 at 77 K. Applying a magnetic field modulated the critical current of a dc-SQUID for fields of up to about 10 G. In addition, we fabricated dc-SQUIDs attached to a shunt resistor, which exhibited nonhysteretic current-voltage characteristics. Appling a magnetic field modulated the voltage; the maximum voltage modulation was about 30 μV at 77 K.