Maintaining ocean outfall system integrity

Presents an overview on the design and operation of a major USA west coast ocean outfall with emphasis on the maintenance necessary to sustain operational integrity of the ocean disposal system. Ocean disposal systems, by their mere size and presence, represent major expenditures of capital and routinely exceed $100 million. A planning, design, and construction period of ten years would not be viewed as unusual. Once commissioned as operational, such disposal systems are generally expected to provide relatively trouble free operation. This view is primarily due to costs and operational impacts associated with down time.