Pareto Optimality for the Design of SMES Solenoid Coils Verified by Magnetic Field Analysis

The superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system technology has the potential to bring real power storage characteristic to the utility transmission and distribution systems. The principal object of this paper is to provide a positive approach in an optimized design of a SMES solenoid coil, ensuring the desired energy storage capacity based on the normalized simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The optimization algorithm for simultaneous optimization computes and produces 2-D alignments in the Pareto front at the end of the optimization run. The optimization process of the normalized SA algorithm is verified by another strategy algorithm, i.e., the nondominant sorting genetic algorithm. In both strategies, simultaneous optimization will show a set of feasible solutions in Pareto optimality in SMES solenoids. Hence, this requires field analysis for verification of the Pareto optimality design. Moreover, to provide inadequate free space surrounding the area where stray field reduction is desired, aiming simultaneously at compactness and efficiency of the SMES system (the approach of a stray field cancellation (active shielding) scheme by modeling multiparallel solenoids), is a further object of this paper.