Impact evaluation of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) on electric distribution networks

Evaluating the possible impact on electric distribution networks of a large number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) is becoming of great interest. In fact, during battery charging, PEVs are a widely spread load of significant magnitude and somewhat unpredictable. On the contrary PEV batteries may constitute a significant reserve and may be used to provide storage capability for cheap energy produced by renewable sources and to supply auxiliary services to the grid.