Multiferroic and magnetoelectric materialsߞnovel developments and perspectives

Magnetoelectric (ME) materials are of utmost interest in view of both fundamental understanding and novel desirable applications. Despite its smallness, the linear ME effect has been shown to control spintronic devices very efficiently, e.g., by using the classic ME antiferromagnet Cr
₂
O
₃
. Similar nano-engineering concepts exist also for type-I multiferroic single phase materials like BiFeO
₃
and BiMnO
₃
. Record high ME response has been realized in stress-strain coupled multiphase magnetoelectrics like PZT/FeBSiC composites, enabling applications in sensors. In type-II multiferroics, whose ferroelectricity is due to modulated magnetic ordering, the ME coupling is of fundamental interest. Higher-order ME response characterizes disordered systems, which extend the conventional multiferroic scenario toward ME multiglass (e.g., Sr
_1-x
Mn
_x
TiO
₃
).